The Benefits And Challenges Of Elogistics

The Benefits And Challenges Of Elogistics The increased competition in all sectors due to globalization has forced the companies to reduce business costs. To reduce cost the companies are forming new management strategies like supply chain management and e- logistics. E- logistics means applying the concept of logistics electronically via the internet in order to conduct the business electronically. According to AMR Research( Challenger,2001), E- logistics helps to reduce cost by 10%. According to Sahay,B.S.(2003) logistics contribute to 10 to 12% of GDP . Based on two references e-logistics helps to save about 1.2% of GDP. That is why the companies like Dell, Compaq, Hewlett Packard is favourable to the E- logistics and supply chain management. E- commerce logistics are the activities that ensures that customers get what they need at right time at right place and at minimum cost. E-commerce logistics face many challenges in developing countries like higher tariffs, Complicated global trade rules, Global Terrorism and Geographical Barriers. The lack of knowledge of total cost in online merchant is the main cause for the failure of many electronic commerce in past decades. According to Hesse 2002, Gunasekaran et al 2003, E- logistics is an internet enabled logistics value chain that offer competitive logistics services like contract warehousing, public warehousing, distribution management, target consolidation and transport management.E- logistics consist of four components like one stop value added services, information management, automation in warehousing network and a transportation network. The one stop value added services helps to improve customer satisfaction .For example in government service one stop value added services like making queries and application, to search council services and to make payment can be done all at one time. Information management is where the information is exchanged through electronic media`s like WWW, Internet and EDI. Automation in warehousing operation will reduce human involvement in updating consolidation, loading and unloading. A Transportation network helps to increase flexibility and reduce transportation costs. The difference between traditional logistics and e- logistics are as follows. In case of traditional logistics the volume is very low because large amounts of goods are sent to lesser location like retail stores. But in case of e- logistics the lesser amount of materials are sent to many customers quickly. In case of traditional logistics the objective is that it is efficient and cost effective but in case of e- logistics it is more speed and can meet customer expectation.In case of traditional logistics the information is gathered through fax, paperwork and Management Information System(MIS) but in case of e- logistics the information is gathered through Internet, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Integrated IS. The E- logistics is more reliable and fast than traditional logistics. In Traditional logistics accountability of shipments is linked to limited supply chain but in e- logistics the accountability is expanded in whole supply chain. In E- logistics the customers have high expectation about quality of service and delivery of shipments but in case of traditional logistics the delivery of products is taking long time as the expectation of customer is not met because today`s customer needs faster delivery of goods. In case of traditional logistics there is less complexity in fulfilling international trade but in case of e- logistics there is larger complexity in fulfilling international trade. In e- logistics it is possible to place direct orders with distributors and producers and also helps in accessing more sellers globally but in case of traditional logistics it is mainly done through fax and paper works as it takes expensive and takes long time in getting reply from producers and distributors. In case of E- logistics the demand for shipment is lacking s tability and also not predictable due to huge number of customers but in case of traditional logistics the demand for shipment is predictable . The challenges of e- logistics in developing countries are economic and educational barriers, lack of infrastructure, security, trust and privacy, channel conflicts, delivery logistics, security problems and global terrorism and geographical barriers. In economic and educational barriers the main obstacles for e- logistics is the lack of economic resources, internet usage and standard of education. Most of e- logistics are used by advanced users in developing countries because of lack of resources to use the internet and shop online. Lack of infrastructure means developing countries poor telecommunication infrastructure and short access of computers create barrier in e- logistics .Internet access cost also result in barrier to e- logistics. Security,privacy and trust is different in different countries and there is no provision in many countries govt rules that e- logistics should be legally binding and trust worthy as such it create barriers in E- logistics. According to survey conducted by Forrester Research said that they turned off global trade because of difficulty in process in e- logistics. The main barrier for e- logistics for this is the language and cultural barriers that destroys the different stages of internet infrastructure and adoption and also incapable to deal with direct global orders. According to Leung et al 2000, Gunasekaran and Ngai (2004b), the benefits of e- logistics are enhancing customer service, minimizing cost and also meeting product delivery deadlines. It helps to develop web based inventory control and also helps in building relationship with large logistics companies like DHL,UPS and FedEx. It help to concentrate and understand the customers more readily. It helps in B2B2C à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬commerce for third part logistics (3PL) , it helps to SME`S to develop strategic alliance and also help to meet growing demand. In conclusion due to globalisation the importance of e- logistics is growing eventhough there are many challenges in e- logistics the significance of e- logistics cannot be ignored. In order to use e- logistics effectively we should understand the strength and weakness of e- logistics effectively and we should use in a proper way and should not misuse it. Last but not least in the coming future the importance of e- logistics will be higher and it will be used by many people in the future.

Overview Of The Musculoskeletal System Health And Social Care Essay

One illustration of diagnostic trial for the musculoskeletal system is Electromyography ( EMG ) . This diagnostic trial evaluates and records electrical activity of musculuss. It aids in diagnosing of lower motor nerve cell and peripheral nervus upsets. During the process, an electomyograph is used to bring forth a record called EMG, which determines what sort of upset the patient have. Small pins or acerate leafs are inserted into the musculuss and low electrical currents are passed through these, to mensurate the electrical activity of the patient ‘s musculuss. These electrical activity, determines the patient ‘s musculus ability to react when the nervus in the musculuss are stimulated. 2. Discuss musculoskeletal alterations associated with the aging procedure. When people ages, decrease motor activity are the frequently observation that can be sighted. This alteration is due to diminish motor nerve cells and motor fibres that are bring forth when a individual increases his/her age. Muscle mass is besides affected, in footings that the thin musculus mass is decreased while fat additions. The flexibleness and scope of gesture of an older individual are affected due to alterations in collagen construction and diminish physical activity, these decline consequences to muscle stiffness, joint spasms/pain, and decreased scope of gesture. Sensorimotor of an older grownup is besides affected. Due to aging, reduced neurotransmitters are produced that consequences decline of encephalon cells. In stead with this, the older grownup experience, lessening perceptual experience to quiver, temperature, and force per unit area. 3. Discuss patient readying for an arthroscopy. Arthroscopy, is a surgical direction in treating/diagnosing musculus upset by analyzing the internal construction of a joint utilizing an instrument called arthroscope. In fixing a patient for this process, the wellness status of the patient is the first thing to see. The patient should non hold bosom and lung diseases, should non hold taken decoagulants ( blood dilutants ) hebdomads before the process, do n't hold diabetes and high blood force per unit area to be able to measure up for this process. Physical scrutiny, blood trials and uranalysis are done to hold baselines for the patient ‘s wellness. If the patient is positive for any bosom or lung jobs, electrocardiogram ( EKG ) and chest X ray are done to measure the patient ‘s wellness capacity if he/she is capable for this process. 4. Discuss constituents of a musculoskeletal physical appraisal. In musculoskeletal physical appraisal, the cephalocaudal mode is followed along with IPPA, ROM and musculus testing are used in analyzing the musculoskeletal status of the patient. The equipments to be used are tape step, goniometer – to mensurate joint angles and tegument marker pen. Get downing of with this appraisal, stance and pace is assessed, the spinal column for any curvature and position, temporomandibular articulation, thoracolumbar spinal column, upper appendages ( shoulder, shoulder blade, caput, thorax, cervix, arm, cubitus, carpuss, custodies, and fingers ) , lower appendages ( hip, articulatio genus, mortise joint, pes and toes tenderness, hardened musculus cramps, swelling, flexure of the musculuss of the patient are assessed.Web Assignment1. Sum up an article discoursing techniques used in measuring the musculoskeletal system. How do the constituents of the wellness history guide the appraisal? In an article that I had read, musculoskeletal system appraisal is foremost started with current ailments of the patient. In footings of if he/she has joint, muscular, skeletal ailments, hurt or back hurting. The wellness history of the patient is reviewed, compromised of past history – injury: nervousnesss, articulations, castanetss, soft tissue, surgery on bone or joint, skeletal malformations, and chronic unwellness, household history – inborn abnormalcies or familial upsets, present unwellness, and personal and societal history. Health history reappraisals are normally done in order to find the implicit in hazard factors on why the patient has the present disablement. It besides give cognition to the wellness squad member that will execute the trial the extent of physical appraisal he/she will execute to the patient in order to forestall any farther complications if the patient has any unwellness that he/she ca n't make in holding the appraisal. In readying for this, equipments – tegument marker pens, tape step and goniometer ( to mensurate joint angles ) are needed to execute the appraisal. The techniques normally used in cephalocaudal mode – IPPA, ROM, and musculus testing. In IPPA it is compromised of – Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation. In review, the alliance, contour, symmetricalness, tallness and weight, gross malformation, position ( standing and sitting ) , pace and mobility ( walking and standing ) , size and form, contour and overall visual aspect of musculus mass are normally assessed with the patient. In tactual exploration, swelling, tenderness, heat, nodules, multitudes, edema are frequently examined. The scope of gesture ( ROM ) of the patient is tested if the patient can travel his/her articulations and musculus freely without the presence of hurting. The musculus strength is tested by using opposition while the patient is traveling his/her articulations and musculuss. N ormally the flexure, extension, sidelong bending, rotary motion, abduction, adduction, inversion, and eversion are normally tested in patient ‘s ROM. Physical appraisal of musculoskeletal system, are needed to cognize beforehand any unnatural status with a individual. Proper mode of appraisal should be followed in order to hold an organized work and accurate consequences in the patient status. Always retrieve to admit patients feelings of hurting and uncomfortableness in order to forestall any farther more complications.

The Historical And Intellectual Trends - 1746 Words

Modern Cuban culture cannot simply be defined in a singular fashion. The convergence of peoples from multiple ethnic and cultural backgrounds, ranging from the Iberia and Italy to Africa and China has significantly influenced the evolution of the unique culture of the Cuban population. However, of these, it is the Spanish and African influences that have very distinctly remained, shaping societal norms, and setting culturally artistic precedents. For Afro-Cubans however, the struggle to greater recognition of cultural influence has been enormous. Racial oppression and socio-economic disparity has been a tumultuous journey for Cuba’s (population of Afro-Cubans) Afro-Cuban or black Cuban population. The purpose of this paper will be to†¦show more content†¦In his famous text, Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar, Ortiz explains how the cultures and peoples that descended upon the island, beginning with the native Ciboney and Taino, did not simple assume one anotherâ₠¬â„¢s culture, but converged to create completely new cultures and societal norms (Ortiz, 99). Though sadly, the majority of these original tribes were completely eliminated by the Spanish, they remain alive in words such as, â€Å"manatee, hammock, hurricane, and tobacco† (Kronenburg, 51). However, to say that Spanish and African peoples descended upon Cuba would be misleading; hence the more accurate use of transculturation to describe the intersection of a range of cultures from the Iberian Peninsula including Galicians, Basque, Portuguese, and from western Africa including Congolese, Angolan, and Guinean (Kronenburg, 52). Even more interesting than the etymology of Cuba’s ethnic history is the implications of how transculturation played into the historical and social construction of power dynamics in Cuba. Ortiz states that throughout Cuban history, one culture was not only attempting to gain power and wealth for themselves, but systematically set up a culture that disenfranchised another population; this is seem most directly with the institution of slavery by the Spanish (Ortiz, 101). The power dynamic created by the institution of slavery can certainly be pointed to as a

The American Foreign Policy During The Vietnam War

Andrew J. Bacevich was born 1947 in Normal, Illinois. In 1969, he graduated from the U.S. Military Academy and served in the Vietnam War for a year from 1970 to 1971. He retired in the early 1990’s with the rank of Colonel after also holding posts in Germany, Persian Gulf, and the United States. He later earned his Ph.D. in American Diplomatic History from Princeton University. He is a professor at Boston University, currently teaching international relations. He is also a retired career officer of the U.S. Army and one of the former directors of Boston University’s Center for International Relations. In 2007, his son, First Lieutenant Andrew Bacevich Jr., who also served in the U.S. Army, was killed in action at the age of 27. In Andrew Bacevich s The Limits of Power, he argues that the utterly corrupt American Foreign Policy was caused by presidential imperialism and the implemented National Security system that controlled the formulation and delivery of the American Foreign Policy throughout the Cold War. The alliance between the presidency and National Security originated with the National Security Council Report 68, also known as simply NSC-68, which was presented to Truman and grew in extent during that time and into modern times. Later, George W. Bush and his faculty worked with, and expanded, an already existing mentality in both the body politic and the National Security that is our government. The body politic gave approval to the proposed arrangement with theirShow MoreRelatedU.s. Vietnam War On American Culture, Politics, And Foreign Policy1060 Words   |  5 Pageshistory, the Vietnam War has left a deep and lasting impact on American culture, politics, and foreign policy. 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