Business Analysis Coso Enterprise Risk Management Framework

Angela Peng ACCT 501 Prof. Dennis A. Conrad January 23, 2016 COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework Introduction Enterprises are exposed to various risks that decrease the chances of achieving their business goals both internally and externally. Internally, there are company politics and mismanagement. Externally, factors such as economic environment, regulations and technology influence risks. It is important for an enterprise to build framework for good risk management, which is â€Å"the process of identification, analysis and either acceptance or mitigation of uncertainty in investment decision-making.† (Investopedia, â€Å"Risk Management†) This paper is on a widely-accepted enterprise risk management framework created by Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in 2004 and its impact on Accounting Information System (AIS). Enterprise Risk Management Every company aims to utilize its resources efficiently to maximize the benefits of its stakeholders. With a satisfying rate of return, investors invest more in the company, customers trust the quality of its products, and employees keep a stable job. However, every enterprise is always faced with some degree of uncertainty. Uncertainty can be categorized as two types: risk and opportunity depending on how the enterprise treat the challenge. Take the online shopping as an example. Before the online retail became a mainstream, many retailers foresaw the opportunities online. They took advantageShow MoreRelatedComparative Analysis Of Coso I Vs Basel IIi1411 Words   |  6 Pages This paper includes: †¢ Comparative analysis of COSO I vs BASEL III †¢ Analysis of Enterprise Risk management(ERM) relative to BASEL III Capital Accord ABSTRACT Learning about COSO and BASEL, the two important frameworks in the business world is much needed to understand the internal functions in an industry. COSO framework helps us in understanding how internal consulting is done in a corporation. It explains the procedure with in-depth details and all the errors to be avoided in the pathRead MoreEssay on Theories for the Accounting Department of an Organization1848 Words   |  8 Pagesdepartments that come under the ambit of an organization and among them, the name of accounting and finance department is one of them, which has its own significance and importance in particular. Management of accounting is an important aspect from the viewpoint of an organization (Chernev, 2012). 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Micro Operation at Airlines Free Essays

_____________________________________________________________________ B200B TMA Spring 2013 _____________________________________________________________________ Question: ‘The airline industry has firms which can be great examples of operations management. There are processes and resources to manage very carefully in order to have satisfactory outputs and results’. Analyze the above statement using examples from B200B material and an airline company, and discuss in particular the following issues: managing micro-operations for an airliner, handling emergencies and delays, serving passengers, reservations handling, baggage handling, meals, maintenance, training of crew†¦ (100 Marks) NOTES TO STUDENTS Cut-off date: Submit this assignment no later than 27 April, 2013. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Operation at Airlines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Word count: 1500 words (plus or minus 10%). Referencing: You must acknowledge all your sources of information using full Harvard Style Referencing (in-text referencing plus list of references at the end). Use E-library: to get journal articles on the topic (using Emerald or EBSCO). Use at least 2 or 3 articles. Plagiarism: It is very important to use your own words. Plagiarism will lead to a significant loss of marks. Extensive plagiarism could mean that you failed your TMA. Plagiarism means copying from internet, from unreferenced sources, from other students’ TMAs or any other source. Penalties for plagiarism ranges from failure in the TMA to expulsion from the university. Answering: Your response to the question should take the form of a full essay format divided into a number of paragraphs with introduction and conclusion without subheadings and bullet points. Use B200 ‘reader three’ chapters (Processes), especially chapters 1, 2, 4. Also search information on a specific airline company and use E-library. This TMA is 20% of B200B Grade. How to cite Micro Operation at Airlines, Papers

Transportation Distribution Management In Toyota Motor - free Samples

Question: Discuss about theTransportation Distribution Management In Toyota Motor Corporation. Answer: Introduction: Company Brief: Toyota Motor Corporation is an automotive manufacturer headquartered in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was founded in 1933 by Kiichiro Toyoda, and started production of automobiles as Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. Toyota is headed by President and CEO Akio Toyoda and chairman of board Takeshi Uchiyamada. Its major shareholders are Japan Trustee Services Bank, Toyota Industries Corporation, Master Trust Bank and Nippon Life Insurance Company. It's primary business activities comprises of vehicle production and manufacturing of vehicles parts. It is also involved in nonautomotive business such as financial services for vehicle leasing and purchasing, web-based informatics on vehicles, and biotechnology. It is the first automobile manufacturer to succeed in producing 10 million vehicles in a single year. As of 2016, Toyota is the global leader in automotive manufacturing ahead of General Motors, Volkswagen, and Hyundai. Its revenue in 2015 amounted to $239 billion. In terms of market capita lisation, Toyota is the largest company in its home country Japan. US and Japan remain the biggest markets for Toyota's vehicles. In terms of sales, Toyota is the market leader in selling hybrid electric vehicles. Its company strategy has been to focus on lean framework in manufacturing and JIT inventory (Corporation, 2016). Purpose of the Report: The following report intends at evaluation of transportation and distribution capability of Toyota Motor Corporation, the properties of automotive products manufactured by Toyota and key areas of transportation of Toyota's products are also examined. Selection is done upon latest incoterms to provide relevance, and E, F, C D groups of incoterms are used for recommendations. Several parameters such as geo-coverage, transit reliability, transportation costs and technical capabilities are used for carrier selection in order to present appropriate justification of modes selected. Moreover, transportation performance is evaluated in light of several predetermined relationship management to provide interpretations from different perspectives. Incoterms Selection Consideration: As mentioned by Chan Zhang (2011 p.2325) transportation capability of manufacturing concerns are positively correlated with the market expansions of new products of the concerns. Moreover, Palensky Dietrich (2011, p.387) states that relevance of demand forecasting and inventory management relies upon the distributing capability of the organisation. Toyota Corporation transports and distributes over 96 million automobile parts and accessories every year. It has refurbished it 35-year-old distribution and delivery network using computer modeling and the distribution database software focuses first on its Lexus section and then at the others. Rexhausen, Pibernik Kaiser (2012) states that for distribution and logistical requirement of the manufacturer providing both accessories and heavy products carrier operations requires being divided into multiple segments. For distribution purposes, four channels were drawn up being Toyota for high end and large automobiles, Toyopet for medium-si zed automobiles and Netz Toyota for compact cars, automotive accessories. Toyopet and Toyota divisions have a capacity of transporting around 56 million automotive parts and large vehicles from factory floors to dealer outlets, whereas Netz Toyota ships are capable of distributing approx 65 million vehicle parts and compacts and accessories. As stated by,An, Lee Shin (2011) product characteristics influences the transportation and distribution mediums since the size of the product is a prerequisite towards the formulation of distribution networks. Toyota manufactures hybrid-electric hatchbacks, pickup trucks, compact cars, sedans, sports utility vehicles (SUV), minivans, compact crossover SUVs, land cruisers. It also produces small automotive parts, leather seats, tire and other accessories for other automobile businesses. Toyota has operations around all six continents. Toyota Corporation follows a delivery at terminal (DAT) policy for its emerging markets such as the South American and Asian markets. Therefore, Toyota takes up the responsibility of logistics and the risks involved in freight in emerging market as it realizes the importance of building brand reliability. Moreover, del Castillo Tello et al. (2015) states that transportation logistics services in urban markets comprise undertaking responsibility regarding the delay in lag time along with responsibility regard to delivery. Therefore, for its developed automobile markets such as the North American and European markets it follows a policy of delivery at the terminal (DAT) as it anticipates that through mitigation of transportation risks it could continue expanding its market share in European and North American markets through streamlined service delivery. As per Jiangping Shuai (2012), markets and economies that have low customs duties r equire outbound logistical operations to be conducted in a manner complementing the exporter of such products as the exporter comparatively has a disadvantage regarding outward transportation of goods. Moreover, Rexhausen, Pibernik Kaiser (2012) states that storing, stuffing, translating operations assessment reveals that product damages are primarily occurring in the initial exporting stages thereby a reputed business should take responsibility towards its outbound distribution. Toyota requires to follow delivered at place (DAP) services in low income countries like South Africa, Cuba, Mexico, India since Lambert, Riopel Abdul-Kader (2011, p.570) states that dealers and consumers in these economies cannot bear the burden of high logistic costs leading to a shrinkage in market share of the company in these locations. Further, for its African markets, Toyota requires to focus on minimising risks of its dealers as the market itself is developing with low-income consumers. For its Sc andinavian locations, Toyota requires to continue with their delivery at place (DAP) service policy as dealer and end users in these economies can afford to have both cost and responsibilities relating to the automobiles. While highly developed markets such as UK and France as well as Canada requires Toyota to follow a delivery at the terminal (DAT) as even though these markets have strong economies but because of accessibility issues from the manufacturing locations and competitive markets with a large number of indigenous automobile manufacturers present. Moreover, as per Jin et al. (2010) marine transportation of automotive products requires risk mitigation as regards to unfavourable climate changes in sea routes, therefore for Toyotas Oceania markets comprising of Australia, New Zealand along with Papua New Guinea Toyota needs to follow a Delivery at Terminal (DAT) policy here since the highest proportion of risk is already undertaken by Toyota once it docks its products through the freight corridor. Carrier Selection Criteria: Toyota Motors, in this study, knows the future capacity for the contracts taken up. Therefore, the deciding factor for the selection of the carrier for the Toyota Motor Corporation depends on the contract issue capacity and service that is to be provided. Geographic Coverage: According to Kye, Lee Lee (2013,p.711), the mode of the carrier selected has to be judged on the total geographical area, the distance between the manufacturer company and the delivery point, that is to be covered in the contract entered. For example, If the delivery spot is inland or within the country, the best option is to choose road carriages in such cases. The main issue arising is the cost of the carrier that is incurred by choosing a particular mode. The company at times chooses some expensive carriage mode which results in more cost. Toyota Corporation may be able to reduce its logistics expenses through choosing cheaper carriage selection in terms of cross-boundary transportation. Selection of waterways transportation over freight transfer through airways is a better option. Moreover, costs of developing and maintaining routes are low. Accessories can be transported using air freights as they comprise of smaller diameters and the air freights can conveniently be distributed as their overhead costs. However, in the case of large automotive parts, using sea transportation through large freight carriers are recommended even though sea transportation is perceived to deliver goods at a slower rate compared to other forms of transport. Average Transit Time and Reliability: In the words of Martens, Golub Robinson (2012, p.785), the actual total length of the transit time and the reliability on that time is an important consideration. The duration of time required for the transition helps to decide the mode of carriage. The issue with this is that the carrier options that are chosen by Toyota Corporation to save the cost such as marine transportation takes longer transit time and the carriage that have less transit time such as transferring automotive parts through airways or by freight trucks incurs a high cost. Therefore, in the case of African and Latin American markets railways should be the chosen mode of transportation for Toyota as the road infrastructure is poor leading to high freight charges. However, for Toyota's Oceania and Asian markets because of accessibility issues marine transportation using sea freight carriers are the best way for distribution and delivery of automotive logistics. 3.3 Reliability of on-time pickup and delivery: For the goodwill of the company, it has to deliver the goods on scheduled time to the customers and for this; it has to choose a mode that he is reliable of on-time pickup and delivery (Martens, Golub Robinson 2012, p.65). Toyota Corporation needs to streamline its delivery process through a mix of rail and road delivery. For short distances road transportation through freight trucks is economical while for delivery spanning long distances transport through the land the railways are the optimum transportation medium. A beforehand estimation of the transit time through several means are to be undertaken by Toyota would be a better way to depend on and chose the mode of carriage. Technical Capabilities and Information Sharing: While choosing the carriage system the technical capabilities of the vehicle to deliver the type of the goods is to be considered. The choosing of lightweight vehicles for heavy goods or a heavy vehicle for lighter goods, results in the damage of the goods or higher cost (Zhang et al. 2011, p.1633) The type of the goods to be delivered has to be first taken under a category and then the carriage must be chosen. Product Protection: The company needs to check if the carrier company provides for a safe and secure packaging of the goods or not. As a reason, this may result in fatal damage to the goods causing loss to the company. The issues that have been seen lately is the poor packaging of the product resulting in product damage. However, in the recent decade, such issues have become less. Before selecting the carrier is it recommended checking the previous goods damaging experience of the company. Carriers Financial Stability and Charges: The freight charges differ for different carrier companies, however, it is the company's duty to check the company's financial stability and compare the charges and then choose (Zacharewicz, Deschamps Francois, 2011, p.601). Issues with higher freight charges are that some companies are not financially stable and may use unfair means to release the charges. The company must check and choose a company and rely on it for all its carrier services. Carrier management of Toyota Corporation through selecting marine transportation for geographical location separated by large water bodies while for inland transportation railways is the recommended mode of logistics service systems into practice. The selection of such modes of transport by Toyota Corporation is towards minimising delivery time through the use of railways and minimizing logistics costs through utilising the sea routes. Carrier Relationship Management: Management of the effective carrier relationship management is a must for maintaining the balance of the contracts and the carrier service taken into account. The different types of the carrier relationship management are: Arms length carrier relationship management. Type I partnership carrier relationship management. Type II partnership carrier relationship management. Type III partnership carrier relationship management. Joint ventures carrier relationship management. Vertical integrations carrier relationship management. The Toyota company follows the Arms length carrier relationship management system for maintaining the relationship. This kind of relationship could be taken by only those companies which have their own independent view in any kind of party transaction. Toyota being an independent company uses this relationship system (Stathopoulos, Valeri Marcucci, 2012, p.36). The control division of Toyota takes a more serious approach for the management of its inland logistic networks so that the delivering of the products could be done accurately and timely. In the words of Steve Brown, the vice-president of logistics control, Toyota, Toyota demands and tries to follow the same process of logistics wherever it may be in the world. Toyota has a small inventory, involved in this section and thus prefer to do small lot delivery, basically following a large and flexible trucking network for timely delivery (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014, p.641). Figure 1: The Inbound Trucking Network of the Toyota Motor Corporation. (Source: Toyota's Total Supply Chain Vision - Automotive Logistics, 2013) The company wants a smooth flow of deliveries of the product and so believes in the trucking network during inland deliveries, goods carrier trains and waterways for the foreign delivery. The inbound carrier service is highly synchronized. The vehicles, the routes the codes all are planned and secure. Different Toyota Motor Corporation is present all over the world and no matter how much it tries following the same carrier relationship is however not possible. Many a branch prefers to use the Arm's length carrier relationship management whereas others may prefer the other types of relationships. This choosing depends on the geographical factors, the country's economic background and also on the availability of the resources (Farahani, Rezapour Kardar, 2011, p.1674) By analysing the above study, the company, Toyota could be recommended to bring in the other carrier relationship management that eliminates unnecessary costs as relates to logistical operations. The following a new system may give some better results or may improve the carrier relationship more. To maintain this carrier relationship the company must follow on its commitment and the data that it provides to its carriers. The data regarding the goods is very important for the carriers during the bid process; hence the company must provide the carrier with all the necessary details required. Instead of hiring different carriers for different deliveries, the company must keep an opportunity to bring the carrier service as its partner carrier into the company. This will increase the chance of any fraud any losses and also the costing will become reduced. Holding of the annual meetings of its carriers to review the performances and the problems faced by the carriers and resolve them. Conclusion: Analysis of logistical operations and distributions policies of Toyota concludes that the company, being an independent entity, follows the Arm's length carrier relationship management. The Toyota company follows this management for the all the branches worldwide. The ways of improving the Toyota Company with its carrier servicers has been discussed and also the ways of communicating has been discussed. The carrier of the goods requires a lot much information regarding the goods from the company for the accurate delivery of the goods. This information is to be given to the goods carrier companies by Toyota. Toyota employs several logistical service patterns in several locations and even though the automobile manufacturer has succeeded in providing high end and environmentally friendly products to its end users, it requires several changes to be made in terms of international carrier policies. The responsibility parameters require being changed in terms of economic variables and acces sibility factor. Also, the distribution facilities is robust in certain markets like the US, India, and Canada, while it's marketed in the middle east and Central Africa, are underdeveloped compared to industry benchmarks. While Toyota has been able to sustain robust deliverance in top markets, it has failed inadequate carrier selection in markets requiring compact cars and low-end vehicles. References: Books: Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., Kardar, L. (2011). Logistics operations and management: concepts and models. Elsevier. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014). The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Journals: An, S. H., Lee, B. H., Shin, D. R. (2011, July). A survey of intelligent transportation systems. In Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks (CICSyN), 2011 Third International Conference on(pp. 332-337). IEEE. Chan, F. T., Zhang, T. (2011). The impact of Collaborative Transportation Management on supply chain performance: A simulation approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 2319-2329. Jianping, Z. H. O. U., Shuai, D. A. I. (2012). Urban and metropolitan freight transportation: a quick review of existing models. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 12(4), 106-114. Kye, D., Lee, J., Lee, K. D. (2013). The perceived impact of packaging logistics on the efficiency of freight transportation (EOT). International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 43(8), 707-720. Lambert, S., Riopel, D., Abdul-Kader, W. (2011). A reverse logistics decisions conceptual framework. Computers Industrial Engineering, 61(3), 561-581. Martens, K., Golub, A., Robinson, G. (2012). A justice-theoretic approach to the distribution of transportation benefits: Implications for transportation planning practice in the United States. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 46(4), 684-695. Martens, K., Golub, A., Robinson, G. (2012).. Integrated production and intermodal transportation planning in large scale productiondistribution-networks. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 60, 62-78. Palensky, P., Dietrich, D. (2011). Demand side management: Demand response, intelligent energy systems, and smart loads. IEEE transactions on industrial informatics, 7(3), 381-388. Rexhausen, D., Pibernik, R., Kaiser, G. (2012). Customer-facing supply chain practicesThe impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success. Journal of Operations Management, 30(4), 269-281. Stathopoulos, A., Valeri, E., Marcucci, E. (2012). Stakeholder reactions to urban freight policy innovation. Journal of Transport Geography, 22, 34-45. van Donselaar, K., Sharman, G. (2013). An innovative survey in the transportation and distribution sector. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Zacharewicz, G., Deschamps, J. C., Francois, J. (2011). Distributed simulation platform to design advanced RFID based freight transportation systems. Computers in Industry, 62(6), 597-612. Zhang, J., Wang, F. Y., Wang, K., Lin, W. H., Xu, X., Chen, C. (2011). Data-driven intelligent transportation systems: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(4), 1624-1639. Jin, Y., Williams, I. and Shahkarami, M., (2010). Integrated regional economic and freight logistics modelling: results from a model for the Trans-Pennine Corridor, UK. PROCEEDINGS OF ETC 2005, STRASBOURG, FRANCE 18-20 SEPTEMBER 2005-TRANSPORT POLICY AND OPERATIONS-FREIGHT AND LOGISTICS-FREIGHT MODELLING I. del Castillo Tello, S., da Costa Casals, L., Carrasco, P.F., Giralda, V.M., Mozos-Blanco, M.A. and Menendez, E.P., (2015). Freight Transport Plan for a Metropolitan Area-Logistics and Management in the Case of Madrid. In European Transport Conference 2015. Websites: CORPORATION., T. (2016). Toyota Global Site | Company. Toyota Motor Corporation Global Website. Retrieved 21 July 2016, from https://www.toyota-global.com/company. Toyota's total supply chain vision - Automotive Logistics. (2013). Automotive Logistics. Retrieved 21 July 2016, from https://automotivelogistics.media/interview/total-supply-chain-vision.

Violence Against Women Act Essay Example For Students

Violence Against Women Act Essay The Violence Against Women Act creates a right to be free from crimes ofviolence that are gender motivated. It also gives a private civil right ofaction to the victims of these crimes. The Senate report attached to the actstates that Gender based crimes and fear of gender based crimesreducesemployment opportunities and consumer spending affecting interstatecommerce. Sara Benenson has been abused by her husband, Andrew Benenson, since 1978. Because of this abuse, she sued her husband under various tort claims andviolations under the Violence Against Women Act. Now Mr. Benenson isprotesting the constitutionality of this act claiming that Congress has noright to pass a law that legislates for the common welfare. However, Congress has a clear Constitutional right to regulate interstatecommerce. This act is based solely on interstate commerce and is thereforeConstitutional. Because of abuse, Sara Benenson was afraid to get a jobbecause it would anger her husband. She was afraid to go back to school andshe was afraid to go shopping or spend any money on her own. All three ofthese things clearly interfere and affect interstate commerce. Women likeMrs. Benenson are the reason the act was passed. We will write a custom essay on Violence Against Women Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There has been a long history of judgements in favor of Congresss power tolegislate using the commerce clause as a justification. For the past fiftyyears, Congresss right to interpret the commerce clause has beenunchallenged by the Court with few exceptions. There is no rational reasonfor this court to go against the powerful precedents set by the Supreme courtto allow Congress to use the Commerce clause. In the case of Katzenbach v. McClung, the Court upheld an act of Congresswhich was based on the commerce clause, that prohibited segregation. McClung,the owner of a barbeque that would not allow blacks to eat inside therestaurant, claimed that his business was completely intrastate. He statedthat his business had little or no out of state business and was thereforenot subject to the act passed by Congress because it could not legislateintrastate commerce. The Court however, decided that because the restaurantreceived some of its food from out of state that it was involved ininterstate commerce. The same logic should be applied in this case. Even though Sara Benensonsinability to work might not seem to affect interstate commerce, it will insome way as with McClung, thus making the act constitutional. The SupremeCourt had decided that any connection with interstate commerce,as long as ithas a rational basis, makes it possible for Congress to legislate it. In the United States v. Lopez decision, The Supreme Court struck down the GunFree School Zones Act. Its reasoning was that Congress had overstepped itspower to legislate interstate commerce. The Court decided that this act wasnot sufficiently grounded in interstate commerce for Congress to be allowedto pass it. The circumstances in this case are entirely different than in the case ofSara Benenson. For one thing, the Gun Free School Zones Act was not nearly aswell based in the commerce clause as is our case. The Gun act said thatviolence in schools kept student from learning and therefore limited theirfuture earning power. It also said that violence affected national insurancecompanies. These connections are tenuous at best and generally too long termto be considered. However, in the case of Mrs. Benenson, her inability towork and spend directly and immediately affected interstate commerce. Therefore, the Lopez decision should not have any part in the decision ofthis case. .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .postImageUrl , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:hover , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:visited , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:active { border:0!important; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:active , .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56e8b94a0f16dec2e6c2ea2ee84abe1f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anthropologie Culturelle EssayThe Supreme Court, in McCulloch v. Maryland, gave Congress the right to makelaws that are out of their strict Constitutional powers so as to be able tofulfill one of their Constitutional duties. In this case, the Court allowedthe federal government to create a bank. There is no Constitutional right todo this and Maryland challenged the creation of this bank. The high courtruled that in order for Congress to be able to accomplish its duties. The same logic should be applied here. The Violence Against Women Act is anexample of Congress overstepping its direct Constitutional rights so it canbetter regulate and facilitate interstate commerce. In order for Congress tolegislate interstate commerce fairly, it must allow people to be able to workand spend as they should be able to. If a woman is afraid of being abused ifshe gets a job or spends money, it affects interstate commerce. Thus TheViolence Against Women Act is Constitutionally based and necessary forinterstate commerce. Violence against women is a terrible crime. It destroys womens self esteem,tears apart families, and destroys lives. Many times, it will lead to murderor other terrible crimes. What the Violence Against Women Act is trying to dois give women a weapon to protect themselves from violent spouses. Withoutthis act, many women would be left incapable of getting any form of financialredress for the years of suffering and abuse they went through. It is wrong to deny women a tool to rebuild theyre lives after an abusiverelationship. The years of abuse they went through makes it hard if notimpossible for them to get a job or work in an office. These women are afraidfor the rest of their lives that if they make a mistake or displease the menaround them, they will be beaten. This act allows women to get some means ofgetting money to live on while they rebuild their lives. It allows them toseek professional help if necessary. Without this act, women would be forcedon welfare or worse. When this h appens, it benefits no one. The Violence Against Women Act has a strong Constitutional basis in thecommerce clause, despite what Andrew Benenson says. The Supreme Court hasallowed many acts such as this to stand for the past fifty years. All theprecedents of cases with similar circumstances are to allow the act tostand. Also, we cannot forget the human aspect of this case. This act is atool for women to rebuild their shattered lives after an abusiverelationship. To declare his act unconstitutional would be both legally andmorally wrong.Words/ Pages : 971 / 24

Essay on Business Plan

Essay on Business Plan Essay on Business Plan Dr. Magic Business plan Industry Analysis Washing the hair has become a near universal practice. Shampoos are assumed importance as a product category with the advent of synthetic detergents. In early times, shampoos could be defined as an efficient cleansing method for hair, but today shampoos must do much more. According to Statista, shampoo sales increase up to $13.96billion in total in 2011and 2012. Customers have higher requirements of shampoos as their income level increase. â€Å"More than 35% of consumers generally look for natural personal care products to avoid cosmetics that contain synthetic chemicals.†(ReportLinker) Introduction Our brand, Dr. Magic, seeks for producing natural and professional organic shampoo for customers and is expected to show a magic for customers whose hair is dry through the use of Dr. Magic. The mission statement of high-valued products requires us take advantage of pure natural plants to satisfy the increased customers’ needs for health-oriented products. Price/Pricing The price of Dr. Magic organic shampoo is divided by what the capacity is, because it is organic product, it will be just a little expensive than the other shampoo products. With 300ml Dr. Magic organic shampoo is about 10 dollars each, with 500ml is about 15 dollars each. Product The product that we are selling is organic shampoo. Differently with normal shampoo, we add organic ingredients into our Dr. Magic shampoo, and for different types of hair, we have different types of shampoo. Each nutrient is extracted from fruits and oils of our nature. The Dr. Magic shampoo itself will be smooth and will make hair smooth and soft after using. The Dr. Magic shampoo can be used daily by all the people who have desire of beautiful and healthy hair. The size we are serving are 300ml and 500ml and our Dr. The bottle will be made with thick plastic so that it is waterproof in the shower and the flexible plastic also makes it easier for a consumer to squeeze the liquid out of the bottle while using it. In order to keep the bottle sealed, it comes with a plastic cap on the top as well. What’s more, the bottle be bright green which can psychologically meet the thoughts of green and natural. In addition, we will put our phone number and mailing address on the bottle so that customers can contact us if they have any questions and concerns. We will also put our website link on the bottle so that customers and contact us online and also learn more about our products. Magic products will be available at all the grocery stores and supermarket. Promotion The fundament message we seek to convey in promoting Dr. Magic is that natural women deserve a natural shampoo. As a small business company, Dr. Magic promotes positive self-image and strives to aid women in cherishing their hair. Dr. Magic will promote the organic shampoo as a product that is kind and healthy on the hair. We will relay this idea with the slogan ‘an all natural shampoo for a natural you’. We will use a one voice strategy through integrated marketing communications to relay this important message to women. In order to convey this message, our ultimate goal in promotion will be inform consumers of Dr. Magic’s benefits. Because the Dr. Magic shampoo is on the introductory stage, we will use a particular advertising approach. This approach will describe the materials we used to formulate an organic option that delivers quality cleansing and conditioning to the end user. We want consumers to believe that the results of our natural shampoo are equally effective as the other shampoo in the market. Our advertisement will be communicated through TV, internet and magazine media. We aim to show the TV advertisement during the TV play in America and China. The TV commercial will show various environments while a spokesman for Dr. Magic explain their commitment to

A Farewell to Arms Essays - Literature, English-language Films

A Farewell to Arms In this novel A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, Hemingway brings about the evolution of Frederick Henry being converted into a code hero in realistic ways. Frederick Henry achieved the six code hero characteristics by the end of the novel with the help of Catherine, a code hero herself. All the characteristics seem to follow the path of a manly person who is continuously striving to live his/her life to the fullest. Throughout this novel, Frederick Henry's behavior matures to the code hero in which Hemingway desires to be. In the start of the novel, Frederick Henry was into over- sensual pleasures and could not control himself until he had spent much time with Catherine and learned how to discipline himself. Henry "had drunk much wine" and roamed from whore house to whore house near the beginning of the novel. He had no control over himself nor could hold his liquor or contain himself from easy women during this time. Henry finally disciplined himself near the end of his stay at the Ospidale Maggoire. The nada concept had been a part of Henry's life from the beginning. Henry stood up nights because the night is a representation of evil and death to him. If he is not asleep, he can avoid having to deal with it. Henry also is accompanied by Catherine during nights at the Ospidale Maggoire. To Henry there "was almost no difference in the night except that is was an even better time" with Catherine. Catherine, who is already a code hero, has values which transcend onto Henry at the Hospital. During the day, Henry sleeps but Catherine has to work, so she stops coming to him on nights. Henry is left to stay up, alone on nights. Also, he does not ask Catherine to come stay with him thus controlling his desires to make love to her. From this point in the book, Henry disciplines himself. During those nights together, they made love and talked. When he first saw Catherine, he was after sexual pleasures from her instead of the prostitutes in Gorizia. He never realized that he was in love untill some time later. Also, when he is in the course of a battle with Manera, Gavuzi and Passini, he began to eat food. Henry enjoys the food he eats, the love he makes and the wine he drinks whenever he pleases to, as a code hero does. Henry showed his loyalty to the individuals and small groups in his life, and near the end of the novel he showed grace under pressure. He is loyal to people similar to the group of ambulance drivers he was driving with on their retreat or people similar to the Count. During his desertion, he jumped into a river to avoid being shot and killed by the Carabinieri. The Carabinieri began to shoot every officer who showed up late in the retreat. The Italian army seemed to Henry to be unfit for him and unorganized. To avoid being killed he jumped into the Tagliamento river. Henry once began to believe he "would drown" and so "fought and thrashed through the water" to save his life from the turbulent waters of the Tagliamento. He never showed the reader his feelings of bravery during this feat. In the final pages of book IV, Henry strove to cross the Switzerland border and seek refuge from the Italian police. When he arrived there with Catherine, he was questioned by the border police and told them he and his wife were looking for winter sport in Switzerland. He lied under questioning by the custom agents in order to save himself from his army and did not show any frustrations or nervousness in the process. With Catherine on his side, he proved to the reader that he was able to show grace under difficult circumstances. Henry never once talked about his beliefs or feelings throughout the novel. He does not talk about his hatred for the Carabinieri or his feelings when he is cheerful or dismal. He showed no signs of remorse for deserting the Italian army or about the time when he shot and wounded the Sergeant deserter. In the end of the novel, Henry is faced with his love's death. Henry told God "please, please, dear God, don't let her die" the moment before he entered the door where Catherine finally passed away due to a hemorrhage. Minutes later Henry is offered some company on the way back to his home but he declines.

Strategy Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Strategy Implementation - Essay Example Technology and incentives are not aligned because technology deals with production issues, while incentives deal with human resources. Companies can offer reward for good work acts, while enforcing punishment to implement disciplinary action. Incentives can be offered as a way to motivate employees. Monetary incentives motivate employees a lot due to the fact that compensation is the number one motivator of employees. There a different types of control mechanism in organizations. Five types of controls are bureaucratic control, output control, operational control, market control, and culture control. Bureaucratic control is the use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, reward systems and other mechanism that influence the behavior of the employees (Barnat). Output control deals with measures of count. For example the number of units produced during a day is an output control. Market control is used to compare companies. An example of a market control is the prices of stocks in the stock market. Operational control is used to measure efficiency. Culture control deals with the organizational culture of the firm. Culture control can have both positive and negative consequences. Control is a much different concept than technology or incentives. Work Cited Page Barnat, R. 2007. â€Å"Bureaucratic Control† 5 May 2011

Gender Inequlaities Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Inequlaities Response Paper - Essay Example In early South Africa, for instance, services of male nurses were unimaginable as discussed by Burns2. Differential application of rules for men and women in historic societies promoted gender inequality. In history, women and men were subject to different sets of rules. Rules set by societies regarding marriage, for instance, were harsh on women compared to men. Reilly3 highlights the differences in rules concerning marriage fidelity in historical communities, based on gender. The Hammurabi’s code, for example, widened the gender gap between men and women. Lerner4 maintains that historical law codes, such as the Hammurabi code, promoted patriarchy in historical societies. Laws codes in historical societies were representative of social conditions. Some viewpoints dominant held during historical ages rendered women as misfortunes in the society. According to Aughterson5, historical viewpoints of women as imperfect creatures promoted gender inequalities. Religion also promoted gender inequalities in historical communities. Glickl Leib’s story6 of women empowerment reveals that Jewish women had freedom compared to their Christian counterparts. Jewish women had freedom to engage in business, for instance, compared to Christians. Colonialism promoted gender inequalities in historical societies. In England, for instance, emigration was a common practice to eliminate redundant women. In addition, women in colonial period had insignificant contribution and roles in governance. This promoted the viewpoint that women are incapable of holding leadership positions in the society7. They had no authority to question the racist nature of colonialism. Women did not question the patriarchal norms that were deterrent to their rights, as well. Different factors promoted gender relations in modern society and enhanced women empowerment. Offering women the opportunity to share their rights changed the perception about them as

Strong Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Strong Social Responsibility Essay Corporate social responsibility for many corporate bodies means engaging in some philanthropic community ventures like sponsorship, donations or giving in kind programs. However, some companies have been able to build strong relationships and partnerships with the communities and are offering practical solutions to the many social problems. That notwithstanding, most companies and organization consider such ventures as a donor-recipient relationship, rather than a mutually benefiting programs. Success of any such activities is normally considered in terms of financial contribution, the employee satisfaction or the effects on the social issue. As important as they are, such achievements do not convince many companies and shareholders because they believe that a company can only post strong profits so has to benefit everyone. And for that matter, most corporate entities do not have any corporate social responsibility program but would once in a while donate to some charitable activities as a mere window dressing to hoodwink the public that they are committed to such obligations. This paper will provide examples of companies with strong corporate social responsibility programs and have been quite successful in terms of profitability. The scale and forms of benefit strong CSR programs would offer a company can vary and more often depends on the nature of the business. Quantification of the benefits may also be a difficult task; however, there are good reasons why every corporate organization should adopt a CSR programs or policies in its operations (Orlitzky, Frank, Schmidt, Rynes, 2003). Strong social responsibility enables companies to manage risk. Managing risk is an integral part of every corporate strategy. An organization’s reputation which may take years to build may be damage in a matter of hours through accidents and incidents that are manageable. Scandals like corruption or environmental accidents may severely ruin the reputation of the company. Moreover, such incidences may attract unnecessary attention from the media, government, the courts as well as the regulations, damaging the company’s reputation further. However, developing and sticking to certain corporate social responsibilities within the company and the community can work to obstruct some of these risks. IBM has built a strong image as one of the leading companies helping in conservation of energy and environment. This has earned it respect as an environmental friendly company even as reap financial benefits from its businesses (IBM Responsibility n. d). Corporate social responsibility is a great marketing tool for many companies that have been able to exploit its benefits. In crowded and competitive markets, companies seek to have unique selling proposition which may differentiate them from other competitors in the minds of potential costumers (Orlitzky, Frank, Schmidt, Rynes, 2003). Strong corporate social responsibility can play a vital role in helping companies build strong loyal costumer base based on their distinctive ethical values. Some of the major brands like America Apparel and The Body Shop have been built on strong ethical values. Corporate service organizations may also benefit by establishing a strong reputation and best practice. Coca-Cola is one company that has been able to build a strong reputation in the market through its CSR programs. Its latest campaign dubbed Live Positively is geared towards promoting a positive and sustainable living in the world through different initiatives (Coca-Cola Company n. d. ). Although it is a peaceful message to everyone, it would help the company entrench itself as one of the number one leader in global business. A corporate social responsibility program can also be helpful in recruitment and retention of employees, especially in a competitive graduate students market. Young graduates looking for jobs normally ask about a company’s corporate social responsibility policies during interviews and firms with strong and comprehensive policies may have an edge in not only absorbing such recruits but also retaining them for a long time. Corporate social responsibility can aid in enhancing the employees’ perception about the company, especially when they are considered in the company’s CSR programs like fundraising activities and community volunteering. A good example of a company with such programs is the Microsoft Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) which has an Employee Involvement Policy Framework and Program. This program started in 2004 under the joint watch of the Human Resources and Community Affairs, gives support to employees and encourage their participation in community development through voluntary programs (CSR Europe 2010). Every company or corporate body does not welcome external interference like taxation or government regulations in their operations. Having strong corporate social responsibility programs may be the first step towards convincing the government and the general public that the company does not take lightly the social issues like health, safety and environment problems, that affects the public in a community or the country in which it operates (Orlitzky, Frank, Schmidt, Rynes, 2003). This will persuade the government to license a company or organization as good corporate citizens with regards to the labor standards and its impact on the environment. Ecolab which was ranked number two among the world’s most ethical companies in 2009, has been a good example of how strong CSR programs can be beneficial both to the company and the country at large. The company has a strong commitment to help the United States reduced its greenhouse gas emission by 20 percent per every sale made between 2006 and 2012 (Environmental Leader, 2010). This initiative not only enables the company increase its sales but also helps the company build a good reputation among the public and the government. Such company may not face difficulties when it wants to acquire license for new operations either within the US or in any country. In conclusion, strong corporate social responsibility is not only a community development initiative but also a long-term corporate financial investment. The benefits of such a program are mutually good for the existence and operation of any business and for the development of the community and country where businesses operate and are sustained. References IBM Responsibility (n. d). IBM Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved on August 14, 2010, from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:obfJZix- yVoJ:www. ibm. com/ibm/responsibility/+ibm+CSR+programscd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=keclient=firefox-a Coca-Cola Company (n. d. ). Sustainability: Corporate Responsibility. Retrieved on August 14, 2010, from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:LJLNHF3zpOcJ:www. thecoca-colacompany. com/citizenship/+cocacola+CSR+programcd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=keclient=firefox-a CSR Europe (2010). Employee Involvement Program. Retrieved on August 14, 2010, from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:TEaWduxbx68J:www. csreurope. org/solutions. php%3Faction%3Dshow_solution%26solution_id%3D299+microsoft+CSR+programcd=4hl=enct=clnkgl=keclient=firefox-a Environmental Leader (2010 April, 8). Ecolab Sets New Goals for Water Use, Waste and Effluent Water. Retrieved on August 14, 2010, from http://www. environmentalleader. com/2010/04/08/ecolab-sets-new-goals-for-water-use-waste-and-effluent-water/ Orlitzky, M. Frank L. Schmidt, S. Rynes, L. (2003). Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-analysis. Organization Studies, Vol. 24 (3): 403-441.

Jonah Lamu :: Art

Jonah Lamu His favourite show is the Simpson’s. He's the most intimidating player for rugby's most intimidating team. He is Jonah Lomu of the mighty New Zealand All Blacks. He's 6'5, 250 pounds and can run the 100 meter dash in 10.8 seconds. Combine that with his amazing ball skills and his mind-boggling ability to break tackles and you have the world's greatest rugby player - hands down. Jonah was born in Auckland, New Zealand on May 12, 1975. He began playing rugby during school and quickly became known for his speed and strength. When he moved on to high school he played forward and was his team's top scorer. At 19, he became the youngest player to ever put on an All-Blacks uniform when he suited up for New Zealand in a game against France. Jonah's career took off from there. At the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa, Jonah was named player of the tournament as he led the All Blacks to the World Cup. In the semi-finals, Jonah was a one man wrecking crew - scoring four tries against England. Jonah had made a name for himself as the world's best rugby player. His success at the World cups also made Jonah a very rich guy. He was offered serious money to play rugby in England and was even asked to play football in the NFL. Jonah turned those offers down to keep playing the sport in New Zealand. But the big giant's career took a turn for the worst in 1996. Doctors told him he had a rare and serious kidney disorder. Jonah had to take nearly a full year off from the game. He wasn't able to play rugby because of the drugs he was taking to fight the illness. Jonah smashing Australia By 1998, Jonah was back with the All Blacks and wrecking havoc on the opposition. His team was defeated in the semi-finals of the 1999 World Cup but Jonah still showed the world he was the best player around. He's now focusing his efforts on preparing for the 2003 World Cup of Rugby, which will be held in New Zealand and Australia. Jonah's Jamming' Jonah has New Zealand's loudest car stereo. His Nissan Patrol pumps out his favorite tunes like Janet Jackson and Naughty By Nature at nearly 160 decibels. Jonah Lamu :: Art Jonah Lamu His favourite show is the Simpson’s. He's the most intimidating player for rugby's most intimidating team. He is Jonah Lomu of the mighty New Zealand All Blacks. He's 6'5, 250 pounds and can run the 100 meter dash in 10.8 seconds. Combine that with his amazing ball skills and his mind-boggling ability to break tackles and you have the world's greatest rugby player - hands down. Jonah was born in Auckland, New Zealand on May 12, 1975. He began playing rugby during school and quickly became known for his speed and strength. When he moved on to high school he played forward and was his team's top scorer. At 19, he became the youngest player to ever put on an All-Blacks uniform when he suited up for New Zealand in a game against France. Jonah's career took off from there. At the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa, Jonah was named player of the tournament as he led the All Blacks to the World Cup. In the semi-finals, Jonah was a one man wrecking crew - scoring four tries against England. Jonah had made a name for himself as the world's best rugby player. His success at the World cups also made Jonah a very rich guy. He was offered serious money to play rugby in England and was even asked to play football in the NFL. Jonah turned those offers down to keep playing the sport in New Zealand. But the big giant's career took a turn for the worst in 1996. Doctors told him he had a rare and serious kidney disorder. Jonah had to take nearly a full year off from the game. He wasn't able to play rugby because of the drugs he was taking to fight the illness. Jonah smashing Australia By 1998, Jonah was back with the All Blacks and wrecking havoc on the opposition. His team was defeated in the semi-finals of the 1999 World Cup but Jonah still showed the world he was the best player around. He's now focusing his efforts on preparing for the 2003 World Cup of Rugby, which will be held in New Zealand and Australia. Jonah's Jamming' Jonah has New Zealand's loudest car stereo. His Nissan Patrol pumps out his favorite tunes like Janet Jackson and Naughty By Nature at nearly 160 decibels.

An Adventure in Space Summary 2

The mission was carried out successfully and I was on my way back to earth with my friends. Suddenly, an unidentified flying object appeared and it somehow forced our spacecraft to land on another planet. On the planet, a very strange looking creature met us. This creature took my crew and me to see its master. I saw another alien sitting on a very high throne. That must be their master. It wore a crown and looked like all the strange looking creatures in the room but its head was very much bigger. All the aliens had four eyes, two heads and six legs. They had a white body and no hair. The strange unknown planet looked like a prison, no worst †¦ a dungeon. There was a very high wall all around the planet. It had many buildings and everywhere you went, you could hear the wailing sounds coming from small cells. We were scared but they gave us some food, which smelt like rotten fish. The smell was so strong that we had to hold our breath in order not to faint. No one dared to touch the food. The next day, we were given a long list of things to do but they were in a language that we could not understand at all. They whipped us and put us in a small cell. After that, they conducted experiments on us. A few of us died but the rest of us who survived were put back into the cell. One day, the aliens who brought us to our cell forgot to lock the door so we escaped through the door. Soon we boarded our own spaceship and flew back to earth. We had a horrifying experience but no one believed us! After this, I never dared to go into space ever again.

Racial Formation in the United States (1960-1980) Essay

Michael Omi and Howard Winant’s book, Racial Formation in the United States, identifies race and its importance to â€Å"America†. Saying, it â€Å"will always be at the center of the American experience† (Pg.6). Challenging both mainstream (ethnicity-oriented) and radical (class-oriented) analyses, Omi and Winant argue that race has been â€Å"systematically overlooked† (Pg. 138) as an important factor in understanding American politics and society. They set as their task in construction of â€Å"an analytic framework which to view the racial politics of the past three decades† in America (pg.5) The book is organized in three parts. Part one surveys three perspectives on American race relations: â€Å"ethnicity-based theory†, â€Å"class-based theory† and â€Å"nation-based theory†. Omi and Winant have arguments with each. Ethnicity-based theory is criticized for its tendency to consider race under the rubric ethnicity and thus to overlook the unique experiences of American racial minorities (blacks, Native Americans, Asians). Class-based theory is similarly taken to task for overlooking the power of race in social, economic, and political relations in its concern with economic interest, processes, and cleavages. Finally, nation-based theory is challenged as geographically and historically inappropriate for analyzing the structure of American race relations. What is needed according to Omi and Winant, is a â€Å"racial formation perspective,† one that can deal with race as â€Å"an autonomous field of social conflict, political organizations, and cultural/ideological meaning† (p.52). Part two is an elaboration of racial formation perspective. Omi and Winant define â€Å"racial formation† as â€Å"the process by which social, economic and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories, and by which they are in turn shaped by racial meanings† (pg.61). The racial formation perspective emphasizes the extent to which race is a social and political construction that operates at two levels: the â€Å"micro† (individual identity) and the â€Å"macro† (collective social structure). The two levels  interact to form a racial social movement when individuals (at the micro level) are mobilized in response to political racial injustice (at the macro level). Through racial movements, social and political conceptions of race are â€Å"rearticulated,† and a new racial order immerges. Then the new racial order itself becomes a target of reactionary challenges and re-rearticulating. In part three, Omi and Winant discuss the period since the 1950s in the civil rights movement and its increasingly militant demands for American political reform, continues through the actual body of civil rights legislative and policy changes enacted by American political system, and culminates in the racial reaction of the new Right and the Reagan â€Å"revolution.† While they argue for the continued importance of the role of race in American politics, culture, and economics in their conclusion, Omi and Winant make no specific predictions. They sate, in fact, that â€Å"the nature of the racial contest the next time around remains open.† This lack of specificity is not limited to the conclusion, but a lack of thoroughness throughout the book. The result explanation of Racial Formation in the United States is interesting but ultimately not very compelling or a useful book. The authors present their ideas in an engaging manner but fail to provide detailed analysis. We are told that â€Å"race has been a key determinant of mass movements, stat policy, and even foreign policy in the United States† (pg.138), yet we are given only the occasional examples as support for these assertions. The authors remind us that â€Å"one of the first things we notice about people when we meet them (along with their sex) is their race† (pg. 62). This is not news. To live in American is to know the power of race in society. In addition to a lack of efficient evidence, the authors’ criticisms and arguments are often inconsistent and unclear. For example, the three literature review chapters in part one are far from encyclopedic, are rather dated, and draw from a very narrow range of the bodies of writing they are supposed to cover. Such incomplete and unconventional citations rise suspicious arising from selectivity combine with confusion arising from  inconsistency. After devoting a chapter to a critique of ethnicity-based theory, the authors conclude that â€Å"ethnicity theory†¦comes closet to our concept of ‘racial formation† (pg. 53). Similarity, after spending a chapter outlining uselessness of nation-based theory, the authors cite â€Å"Chicago nationalism† (pg. 104-105) as evidence of the primacy and longevity of race in America. Perhaps most confusing in the whole presentation is Omi and Winant’s insistence that American sociology’s use of the concept of â€Å"ethnicity† has blinded us to the importance of â€Å"race† in America. Never in the book’s 201 pages do the authors define either term. We are left to conclude that race refers to some bundle of a body of differences, while ethnicity refers to linguistics, religious, or cultural divisions among populations. The implication is that physical (racial) characteristics are more powerful than social or cultural (ethnic) characteristics in shaping inter group relations and ethnic politics. This implication reveals the authors’ conceptual short sightings resulting from their exclusive focus on America’s narrow expedience. While color constitutes a powerful ethnic boundary in the United Sates, any broad understanding of racial and ethnic relations in America or elsewhere cannot ignore the reality and unpredictability of no grouping of ethnic boundaries, for example, among black Africans in Nigeria, Uganda, or Zaire, or among white Europeans in Northern Ireland, Belgium, or Spain. Class lectures and discussion expressed many different experiences of Immigrating groups in the U.S. Omi and Winant’s book explore a theory-based approach to understand racial formation, and the development of immigrating individuals and groups. The class was introduced by four â€Å"main concepts in immigration†; Uprootedness (Handlin), Transplantation (Bodnar), Assimilation (Higham) and Ethnicity (Conzen). All important components of the immigrating experience, although assimilation is the most important. The ability for an immigrating individual and/or group to assimilate is imperative for future prosperity, which is the consistent intention behind emigrating from original homelands. Higham’s theory of assimilation ignores original cultures and identities, classifying many specific cultures under one pluralism. Omi and Winant, criticize this phenomenon and suggestion in the  Ethnic-based theory. Believing in specific contribution each American minority makes socially, economically and politically. The diversification of cultures and experience is the â€Å"continual building on which America was founded† (pg. 32). Constant with the book, there is no suggestion to improve the ignorance of racial and cultural grouping in assimilation and the books theories are left short at criticism. Despite its conceptual and evidentiary shortcomings, Racial Formation in the United States makes two important contributions: to assert the independent or at least interdependent power of race and ethnicity in society and emphasizes the extent to which ethnicity is a political phenomenon enacted both in social movements and in political policy. The book will be most useful reading for sociologists who adhere to what Omi and Winant identify as class-based theories of ethnicity, that is, that ethnicity is really class disguise.

Enthalpy Change for a Specific Amount of Reactant

Enthalpy Change for a Specific Amount of Reactant Here is how to determine  the change in enthalpy of a chemical reaction with a given amount of reactant.   You may wish to review the laws of thermochemistry and endothermic and exothermic reactions​ before you begin. Problem: For the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, it is known that:H2O2(l) → H2O(l) 1/2 O2(g); ΔH -98.2 kJUsing this information, determine ΔH for the reaction:2 H2O(l) O2(g) → 2 H2O2(l) Solution: When looking at the second equation, we see it is double the first reaction and in the opposite direction. First, change the direction of the first equation.  When the direction of the reaction is changed, the sign on ΔH changes for the reaction H 2O2(l) → H2O(l) 1/2 O2(g); ΔH -98.2 kJ becomes H2O(l) 1/2 O2(g) → H2O2(l); ΔH 98.2 kJ Second, multiply this reaction by 2.  When multiplying a reaction by a constant, the ΔH is multiplied by the same constant.2 H2O(l) O2(g) → 2 H2O2(l); ΔH 196.4 kJ Answer: ΔH 196.4 kJ for the reaction: 2 H2O(l) O2(g) → 2 H2O2(l)

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business plan - Essay Example The product section spells out the intended product of trade in this case not just water but clean, treated and safe water for domestic use and any other use deemed necessary and which could be adequately handled. As far as competition is concerned, any business entity has competitors who provide the same product or substitutes. It is this element that aggravates the risk, a component that forms one of the key features of any entrepreneur. Competition itself doesn’t exist in isolation. A market has to exist. The target market is the population that the firm hopes against all hopes to conquer in its bid to get whatever stakes that in play, profit maximization, increasing shareholders equity, social responsibility etc (Abrams, pg 41). The market strategy is all those ways, maneuvers and tactics employed by the management in establishing a brand in the particular market of concern. Penetrating any given market is vital. It is the key to the potential growth of the customer base, the product and/or service and the resultant profits either in the short but in most cases, the long run. Sales refer to the actual amount of the product or service usually in units (with varied units of measurement) that have been acquired by the clientele at a specified amount to which the customers would have the urge to purchase while the seller enjoys the profit (with the possibility of suffering losses). In every circumstance the sales of any commodity, in this case water, is determined by the price, ceteris Paribas. The selling price in itself is a derivative of the manufacturing costs including cost of labor, raw material, processing, warehousing and transportation. A fair price is therefore reached at after taking all these factors into consideration. In this case the storage facility would include the tanks which would be constructed underground as well as some raised above the ground for ease of pumping. After all this is done, the penetration of the market is always a co rrespondent of the intensity of advertisement and promotion, the more intense, the more customers are reached and this would only be reflected in the sales. The production process involves a proper mix of all the factors of production: labor, land, capital and entrepreneurship; the better the ratio the more, successful the business entity. Therefore the management and staff must also consist of highly qualified personnel (Abrams, pg 43). The financial data would show the projections, that is the available funds for operation at any given period of time and the forecasted estimates for use in the future time, in both the short run and long run. This is a very vital part of the business of any firm as it dictates every decision and action(s) implemented. The appendix will show the diagrams and table in the business plan. Aim The main object To acquire a start-up capital to drill, buy the necessary machines and provision thereof of clean, treated and safe water for domestic use. Other aims: To sensitize the public in the need of using clean, treated and safe water at all times. To educate the public on proper use of the natural resources. To sensitize the public on the need to preserve natural habitats. Interview Questions and Responses Q1What is

Conformity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conformity - Assignment Example In my current workplace, however, there are rules regarding the dressing code. There were several occasions where I was reminded by the Human resource manager to adhere to the set guidelines. With time, I conformed to it. There are several factors that should be put into consideration before making a decision as whether or not to conform to the group. Physical and psychological factors are crucial in this determination. Physical factors involve the overall appearance of the group in terms of its size and composition of the group. Psychological factors involve the culture of the group in terms of the behavior of the members, its social and religious beliefs (Smith and Bond, 1996). Group think is the tendency of approaching and solving issues as a group rather than individuals taking up responsibility for the actions (Turner and Pratkanis, 1998).Group thinking mainly results to ineffective and inefficient decision making because essential information that would have helped in better decision making is withheld. There are numerous signs that may show the existence of group thinking mentality. One of the signs is the manifestation of pressure on an individual who seems to disagree with the view of the majority. Members also convince themselves that despite any evidence that contradicts their stand, the original decision is the appropriate one. There is also a tendency of the group to stick to the same decisions going forward whenever they succeed (Janis, 1972). Turner,M.E.&Pratkanis,A.R.(1998).†Twenty-five years of groupthink theory and research: lessons from the evaluation of a theory†Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Psychology at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychology at Work - Essay Example The value of well-being programmes as an organisational investment is explored in this study. Reference is made, as an example, to the case of BGL Group. The specific firm is well established in the UK market, being involved in the provision of insurance and legal services. The firm has emphasized on the well-being of its employees so that their motivation and commitment to the organisation are secured. The review of the elements and the effects of this programme can hep to understand whether such programmes could be a good investment for organisations in the modern market. The well-being programme of BGL Group will be checked and evaluated using the concepts of work psychology as included in relevant literature, with particular reference to the work of Anna Sutton. As a theoretical framework work psychology is rather wide, being able to incorporate different themes, such as ‘psychopathology and organisational development’ (Sutton, 2014: 6-7). Various approaches have been used for describing work psychology. According to one of these views, the work psychology ‘facilitates change towards improved work and working conditions’ (Milward, 2005: 1). From another point of view, work psychology aims to provide to managers necessary information in regard to ‘the application of psychological principles to running a business’ (Hodson, 2014: 6). In any case, work psychology has to support organisational development. This fact indicates the close relationship between work psychology and organisational change (Sutton, 2014). I t should be noted that work psychology can be related to different priorities, depending on the geographical area involved: in USA the limitation of costs is of primary importance while for firms based in UK work psychology would be most related to the increase of firms’ profitability (Sutton, 2014: 10). The second approach will be

Gender and Religion in South East Asia Term Paper

Gender and Religion in South East Asia - Term Paper Example Various religious beliefs predominated over the places for centuries and the recent forms of religions like Christianity, Buddhism and Islam came to these lands. The advent of the new religions shifted the position of the females too. Earlier the position of female in these places was held high and they enjoyed a prominent role in the society. As time passed by, there witnessed change in these two aspects. The present essay plunges an anthropological study into the matter of gender and religion at the Southeast Asian regions. Throughout the ages, religions and gender of South East Asia have got some kind of significance. Both these play a vital role in the anthropological development of the places. The article, ‘Transgenderisn and Gender Pluralism in Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times’ by Michael G. Peletx takes the words of Reid (1988,146) that â€Å"in the South East Asia the history tells that women predominated in a good many ritual contexts associated with agriculture, spiritual, and other religious powers that men could not match† (Peletz, 2006, 312). The women folk had a close association with the control of the society. The transgendered individuals (male bodied but dressed in female dress) too had taken a key position in the rituals of the people. High levels of sexuality and erotic attributes were associated with such transgendered individuals.... â€Å"The lowlanders occupy the plains and valleys and cultivate wet rice; they are organized into stratified societies and states traditionally headed by divine kings† (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). Among the major lowlanders include Thai of Thailand, Lao of Laos, Khemer of Kambodia, Shan of northeastern Burma, Vietnamese of Vietnam and Burmese of Burma. Owing to the influence of India and Hindu- Buddhist traditions the lowlanders were turned to be ‘Theravada Buddhists’ (Theravada being the southern tradition, or the â€Å"smaller vehicle† of Buddhism) (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). The highlanders live at the mountains and â€Å"were traditionally organized at the village level as tribal societies rather than states, are generally egalitarian, and migrate frequently† (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). These highlanders are more influenced by China and so they stick on to their own native beliefs which usually included shamanism (Winzeler, 2008, p.271). The entry of the Western world had its effect in the land. Some of the ethnic religious beliefs gave way for Christianity. The dominance of the Christianity has paved way the change of religion in some of the places. The post colonial aspects of gender have played a crucial role in the socio political milieu of the countries which are commonly called as Southeast Asia. As most of the south eastern countries have embraced Theravada Buddhism which gave a new outlook for the women folk of the religion. The female ascetics were honored well in the society. In comparison with the female monks of the other nations like Japan, China, and India the feminine gender of the Southeast Asian countries enjoyed supremacy in their total procedures as women. The

Theory of human motivation

Theory of human motivation Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow is considered one of the most influential psychologists of 19th century, and one of the leading authorities in humanistic psychology. Humanistic Psychology is a branch of psychology with focus on human behavior. Besides the Theory of Human Motivation work that put him in limelight, he had authored other famous work in the field of psychology. Some of his other writings are, Eupsychian Management, psychology of science and Motivation and Personality (Hoffman, 1990). In 1967 due to the influence that his work on theory of human motivation had in the field of psychology he was awarded the title Humanist of the Year by the American Humanist Association (Hoffman, 1990). At the height of his career Abraham Maslow served in various professional capacities. He was a senior lecturer at Brooklyn College in the faculty of psychology. He was a professor and the chairman at Brandeis University in the department of psychology for almost two decades since 1951. At the time of his death in 1970 he was a fellow at the Laughlin Institute (Hoffman, 1990). But the legacy that Abraham Maslow left behind will certainly outlive him. Today his work on Hierarchy of Needs as contained in theory of human motivation is taught worldwide in classrooms and his name is synonymous with Hierarchy of Needs. Indeed the concepts on Theory of Human Motivation and hierarchy of needs as he defined them are no longer limited to the field of psychology but are increasingly being included in many other varied disciplines. During the time that he was a lecturer at Brooklyn College Abraham Maslow ideas on human behaviors were influenced by fellow psychologist in the same college (Hoffman, 1990). But it was not until when he become the professor at Brandeis University that Abraham Maslow finally was able to draft the idea behind theory of human motivation. It was while at Brandeis University that Abraham Maslow met Kurt Goldstein. Kurt Goldstein had advanced the concept of self actualization which he had earlier published in a book called Organism (Hoffman, 1990). It is this concept that had formed the framework of theory of motivation that Abraham Maslow was researching on (Hoffman, 1990). In 1943 Theory of Human Motivation was first published in the Psychological review journal. Later he would write several other books based on the theory such as, Towards a Psychological of Being and the Further Reaches of Human Nature (Hoffman, 1990).. Abraham Maslows Theory of Motivation provided a valuable insight to human needs requirement level that had previously not been studied. More importantly his research work was on psychology field of human behavior that over the years had not generated new ideas. The Theory of Human Motivation presented a fresh approach on which human behavior was studied. The power of Maslows Theory of Human Motivation was its simplicity and relevance. Maslow used a diagram to demonstrate the various levels of human needs that was explained in his theory which he referred as hierarchy of needs (Hoffman, 1990). The result was a concise framework that outlined a persons need and importance at each stage of life. These needs are defined as, Physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization (Hoffman, 1990). Physiological needs are the first and the most important that a person requires such as food, shelter and clothes but are not limited to this. They are those needs that must be met for life to be bearable. Safety needs are those that come after physiological needs. They include such requirements such as job satisfaction, security and financial freedom. The safety needs are in two parts that which satisfy the physical and which satisfy emotional needs (Hoffman, 1990). After safety needs comes social needs which are entirely emotional. In this category a person needs are friendships, love among others, and for some reason at this level these needs are important to a person. Then esteem needs comes thereafter, they are the likes of social status, self respect, recognition, and accomplishment, this category too serves to fulfill the emotional requirements. The last level in hierarchy of need is self-actualization which comes after all the other needs have been met. In this level a person seeks to have wisdom instead of knowledge, questions the meaning of life and values such as truth and justice are central to his life. This is the highest and the last category of emotional needs (Hoffman, 1990). That is all there is to it to the theory of motivation as researched and advanced by Abraham Maslow in summary. However the impact and implications of Maslows theory of human motivation were far and wide. Today theory of Human motivations is applied in so many sectors and disciplines worldwide to influence human behavior (Deckers, 2009). Not to mention that it is now a major discipline and an area of study used by teachers to impart skills to future professionals so that they can use the same theory in order to better manage people. The beauty behind theory of human motivation is in its ability to clearly articulate the various level of human need with key specific needs at each level. This way the ability to influence behavior, through motivation for instance has been simplified to a great deal Motivational speakers use this concept to change organizational behavior in a work place. A motivational talk is a profession that has recently come up to address the challenges faced by modern day organizations. The purpose of a motivation speaker in an organization is to motivate positive behavior change among the employees. The need to motivate and positively change employee behavior has increasingly becoming an issue of interest to the organizational leaders for two important reasons. Foremost employee motivation will increase work productivity and therefore overall organization productivity, besides a motivated employee achieves job satisfaction and is likely to stay on the job for long time. This is important for the organization since it reduces the recruitment and training costs that are usually associated with high rate of employee turnover. Number two, motivation talks is important in changing the organization culture. In order to change organizational culture employee behavior must be influenced positively. Maslow theory of motivation has enabled these requirements to be met in a work place (Deckers, 2009). This is because a motivational speaker is able to use the hierarchy of needs to determine which needs are key to influencing positive behavior change. Since motivation is rooted to a person requirement change in personal needs will also result in change of motivation levels. Therefore an organization is able to achieve it needs and the need of employee at the same time. Another area that Maslows theory of human motivation is applied is in leadership management. An organizational leader needs to be able to effectively motivate employees at work place beside directing and managing the employee. Indeed employee motivation is now central to organization success and leadership roles. The need of having motivated employee at work place is one of paramount importance. In modern day organization setup employee motivation is an achievement that organization actively supports for it to remain competitive and productive. Managers are aware of this and use the Maslow theory of human motivation, indeed numerous management books has been written on motivation at workplace. The organizational motivation publications authors interpret Maslows human motivation theory in context of work place environment (Deckers, 2009). But Maslows theory for human motivation is not only limited in organizations employees motivation. In psychology the idea of human motivation has been advanced by several other psychologists using the theory as a baseline to their studies. One such study was done by Carl Rogers, a psychologist who developed a therapeutic psychological process of treating mentally disturbed persons. The ideology behind the Client-centered Therapy was borrowed from the human motivation concept (Hoffman, 1990). Treatment is enabled through a process that guides the patients to identify important personal requirement by removing mental obstacles that prevent this achievement. Hierarchy of needs is an important tool that a person can use to assess the point at which a persons life has reached. This is important in guiding an individual to the path of happiness and satisfaction since a person will be able to assess the needs that are most important at each level (Valdez, 1998). Maslows other works on field of humanistic psychology actually touches on personal happiness. In his description of Peak Experiences Maslow explains that for this to occur a person must achieve the self-actualization stage of life (Valdez, 1998). Peak Experiences refers to particular moments of time when a person experiences extraordinary sense of happiness, peace, fulfillment and satisfaction in life. For years basic needs have been defined in three levels only but now after Maslows hierarchy of needs the correct context in which a person needs occurs have finally been discovered. Other new publications and research on human motivations have improved upon the concepts on which Maslow based his publications. As years go by Maslow theory of human Motivation will continue to be widely read and adopted in a range of other new upcoming disciplines. Maslow theory of human motivations like other scientific research inventions did not escape criticism from fellow scholars. Indeed it is more likely that theory of human motivations had it limitations, as Abraham Maslow once concurred that the theory was only meant to form a framework for which other studies should be done to improve upon it (Hoffman, 1990). Among the criticism that is had been directed to this theory is its inability to explain and define hierarchy of needs for particular religious believers. They have no material wealth, no sense of security and esteem needs, or social needs yet they are able to attain the self-conceptualization level (Hoffman, 1990). Maslows theory is certainly not able to address this concern. Another criticism also directed towards the theory is one that concerned the research procedure that Maslow used to arrive at the ideology. Most scientists agree that Maslow used a proportionally small case numbers to generate the research model that he later applied to a whole race of people worldwide. Having said that for the most part Maslows theory is effective and certainly relates to most people and there are very few instances that are exceptional References Deckers, L. (2009). Motivation. Washington, DC: Lambert Deckers Publishers. Hoffman, E. (1990). The Right to be Human: a Biography of Abraham Maslow. Florida: John Wiley Sons Inc Valdez, J. (1998). Self Actualization Through Humanistic Theories. Virginia: Penguin Publishers.

College Application Essay -- Sample Application Essay

â€Å"If money is your hope for independence, you will never have it. The only real security a man will have in this world is a reserve of knowledge, experience and ability† – Henry Ford. I define myself as a student with high spirits of enthusiasm to learn and lead. I never had a satisfaction that can halt my education, since one goes keep on learning things, the need to learn more pop’s out. A person like me with high aim’s and aspirations always fetches to find a perfect platform to grab as much of knowledge as I can. In that process, I came across through a set of universities among which State University just caught my attention with its utmost emerging research and eminent faculty from across the globe. In the very beginning of my academic pursuit, I realized that I am highly interested in the aspects of theoretical learning followed by a practical application and my exposure to the real world applications; reflected in my resume at my various projects with different applications servers is evident that my thirst of knowledge is not a little tiny one. With the intervention of computer, things turned out very simple to the common public on one hand and on the other hand, it is complex to the manufacturers and providers. I started my education at my hometown and been one among the brilliant and impulsive students in my class. Graduate my tenth grade at Nehru Niketan English Medium High School in my hometown. My interest towards the computers and their mechanism’s kept on increasing with my age, that drove me opt Mathematics, physics and chemistry in my intermediate and stood one among the talented students in my batch. Then it’s time to decide on what am going to build m y career, and then my ever lasting interest on computers... ...cal Health). In the project of patient portal I worked on Microsoft SQL server 2008, using ASP. Net, C#, HTML, and Microsoft visual studio 2010. Also worked among the coding team. I got good enough skills to develop more such kind of technologies, which are really necessary, and those can satisfy the needs of consumers. My deep interest in your esteemed university is with a hope of getting the perfect platform to enhance my skills and develop the models, which improve the applications with human interface with the research-oriented techniques. State University would be the right place to quench my thirst for knowledge. Hope to see a positive reply from you all. I explained my pro’s and con’s where now it’s my turn to wait for the opportunity. â€Å" Opportunity does not knock, it presents itself when you beat down the door† – keyle Chandler. Thank you,

A country boy Essay

Not just my family members and I, every Cambodian citizen is the victim of genocide, the act which took the lives of around two million Cambodian citizens. One can say that this is the curse that all Cambodians were to experience while the others might say that it is our sin or karma. The war ended, and my family had to start from the scratch all over again. I did not really know how hard my grandparents had to go through to raise four children, but I experienced growing up living in a one-storey flat which was the shelter of at least ten family members. Unlike the other kids, I rarely saw my parents since my father had to work far away from home, and my mother was still pursuing her Bachelor Degree in Biology. I spent most of my childhood with my grandparents. My grandmother would always tie me behind her back to the hospital where she is still working as a retired doctor while my grandfather is a retired administrative staff of the same hospital, and was a former Lon Nol’s air force. I can still remember how I envied some of my childhood friends whom I called â€Å"Rich Kids†. During my very first day at school, my classmates were showing off their new bags, yet I only had a black plastic bag to store my books and pencils. The other kids were mocking that I did not even have a bag to carry my books to school. I was a quiet kid, and I chose to remain silent. I came back home, and told my grandmother that I wanted a bag. It took her around a week or two to buy me a yellow used bag which cost around 1000 Riels or less. Though it was a used bag, I hugged my bag with joy. I was a kid from the province, and I did not have a chance to go to expensive language schools like some other kids. Due to financial constraint, my parents had to send me to the language schools nearby. I never did well in English class. I was the worst student in my English class. Luckily, my parents were better-off, and they sent me to an international school. It is the place that changed my life. From a language student who never did well in class, I have now become a teacher of English. From a student who copied the whole reading text to submit to the teacher as a writing assignment, and got zero for plagiarizing, I have now won four national writing awards. Again, March and April this year have marked another turning point of the life of this country kid. I was slapping my face to see whether it was a dream or reality. I used to be rejected by the 26th ranking university in Asia, yet I got admitted and have been given a full scholarship to do a Master Degree at the second- best university in Asia which is one among the top universities in the world, and at the same time, I was also among the citizens of five Southeast Asian nations to be offered a full scholarship to pursue a Master Degree at one of the wealthiest universities in Europe. I failed once or twice, and it does not mean that I would always fail. I believe that life is full of possibilities. Life tests us to see how patient and how determined we are. Life does not kill us, but it teaches us. With hope and commitment, I believe that a person can make positive change to his or herself and to the society. â€Å"I like the night. Without the dark, we’d never see the stars.† ― Stephenie Meyer, Twilight